The SpotLight Kenya

INTRODUCTION Learning chemistry can be nerve-racking and be inundating. I bet you have encountered various tips on how to excel in chemistry. Have they worked for you? I am sure that some have worked while some have not. There is no fairy-tale method of how to study chemistry. However, one can master an effective approach of passing in chemistry. Most students fail to excel in their chemistry exams because they entirely depend on the chemistry notes provided by the chemistry tutor.  To successfully ace in your chemistry courses, you must know some basic mathematics. For instance, if a question requires you to find equilibrium constant of a particular reaction, you must know basic algebraic knowledge. On the other hand, if you are required to find the pH of an aqueous solution, you must know the logarithmic concept. Therefore, to aptly succeed in chemistry courses, you should fathom the fundamental mathematics principles. Before you learn tips to help you pass i...

A student failed to add sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) when extracting caffeine from tea leaves with hot water. Though, high yield of caffeine was produced. The crystals melted at temperatures between 202  and 214 degree  Celsius. Explain. This happened because sodium carbonate did not interfere with the caffeine content of the tea leaves. Sodium carbonate (which is a base) deprotonates the phenolic hydroxyl group (-OH) (acidic) of tannins rendering them anionic. Hence, making them highly soluble in water, but parsimoniously soluble in methylene chloride. So, if sodium carbonate is not added when extracting caffeine with hot water, the extracted caffeine would also contain tannins. Additionally, sodium carbonate is added during the extraction to keep caffeine (an alkaloid which is an organic base)  in a free base form. It prevents caffeine from reacting with available acid available, which may lead to the formation cation. It reacts with a phenolic h...

Instructions:  Review of current medical journal or health issues containing 7-page article. The article should be on neonatal respiratory care or pediatric. The review must contain at least seven hundred words typed, 12 font Time Romans and one inch margins. Additionally, APA formatting style should be used in this review. The review must have article synopsis and a paragraph discussing student's opinion  of the article.  In this blog,  Respiratory Distress in the Newborn  article is reviewed.  Article synopsis The article discusses ‘Respiratory Distress in the Newborn’ (Reuter et al., 2014). Respiratory distress is a common ailment affecting about 7% of all newborns.  Studies indicate that 15% and 29% of term infants and preterm admitted to the neonatal intensive care develop substantial respiratory morbidity (Reuter et al., 2014).Additionally, this even higher for infants prior to twenty-four weeks of gestation (Reuter et al., 2014)...

Sometimes you are skeptical about the drugs you are buying from your chemists. May be you have been wondering how you can confirm whether these drugs are in their correct doses or not. Truly, some of chemists use trial methods to prescribe drugs for their customers. This conduct always results in medical challenges. However, do you know you can determine the correct dose of the drug for your child, even if you are not a medical expert? Yes, you can. Though, you have to do some calculations to get the right dose for your child using the adult dose. By using the Cowling’ Rule it is possible to get the correct dose for your child using the adult dose. The Cowling’s Rule is a method which converts the adult dose into the child’s dose using the age of the child. The Cowling’s Rule formula consists of three variables (d, a and D). The equation for the Cowling’s rule is represented by: d=D (a+1)/24 d denotes the child’s dose. D represents the adult dose while a signif...

Since the introduction of ITAX by KRA many people, especially the unemployed and students with KRA pins have been facing challenges filling their returns. Some of them pay cyber guys to assist them. However, they can do it within two minutes. If you have KRA pin you must file your return. These are what you need to do to file your ‘KRA NIL return' within two minutes. Go to the  ITAX KRA website .  Enter your KRA PIN NUMBER (11 digits), followed by your password in their correct sections and then solve security calculation correctly. If you are done, click OK. If you forgot your password, click forgot the password and you will be directed how to set up a new password. After you have logged in, you will be directed to this page. Click on the ‘Return’ icon bar as shown. A page will pop-up, on this page, clicks on the return of the red bar and then chooses ‘File NIL return’.  This will direct you to the next stage. At this stage fill in relevant requir...

DNA transcription and translation are common terms in DNA replication. Therefore, for one to understand and master how to transcribe and translate a particular DNA sequence, one needs to know the meaning of DNA replication, DNA transcription, and DNA translation. DNA replication is defined as the synthesis of daughter DNA from the parental DNA. DNA transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA using the DNA template. DNA translation is the process of synthesizing proteins using the messenger RNA (mRNA) as the template. Additionally, one has to comprehend the roles of transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) in DNA transcription and translation. mRNA transfers the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where they identify the sequence of the protein product. On the other hand, tRNA interprets the genetic information carried by the messenger RNA into protein. tRNA acts as the physical link between the protein amino acid sequence and the messenger RNA. tRNA has antico...

CLICK HERE TO GET SOAP MAKING E-BOOK A soapmaker should ensure the calculation for the ingredients needed for making a bar soap is done accordingly to reduce the waste of ingredients. If you are wondering how you can fill your soap mold without wasting your ingredients then these examples will assist you. Example 1(rectangular soap mold) Let say, you want to make 100% bar soap and you have a rectangular bar soap mold with the length 17cm, width 10cm, and the height 6cm. The first step is to calculate the volume of your rectangular mold (L X W X H). After getting the volume of the mold multiply it by 0.40 to get the amount of oil or fat you will use. Insert the volume of fat/oil you obtained in a lye calculator(available online) .  Lye calculator will give you the exact amount of other ingredients such as the amount of sodium hydroxide to use. However, in this example, we are using only coconut oil and a base (sodium hydroxide). Volume of the soap mould= 17c...