The SpotLight Kenya

Question A chemist determined the levels of iron in dry leaves collected from a plant near her homestead, she weighed 15 grams of the leaves and dissolved them in a mixture of acids, filtered the resulting solution in a 250mlvolumeric flask. She pipetted 10mls of the solution to a 50ml volumetric flask and topped it to the mark using deionized water. This solution gave absorbance of 0.56. She pipetted another 10mls into another 50ml flask, added 4mls of 3 x 10^ -4 M iron solution and made it to the mark with deionized water. This solution gave absorbance of 0.72. (i)                   Calculate the concentration of iron in prepared leaf solution? (ii)                 Calculate the concentration of iron in the leaves in mg/g of the leaves? This question needs the application of the formula of “standard addition me...

Can glycerol and lye make soap? The answer is no. This is due to glycerin is a by-product of soap making process.   The process (saponification/hydrolysis) takes place as follows: hydroxyl group ( - OH)-nucleophile of the base (lye) which can   either be sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) attacks the carbonyl of TAG(triglyceride) thus cleaving the ester bonds between the glycerol carbon number 1-3 and long-chain of carboxylic acid. This lead to formation of alkoxide and carboxylic acid (let R, R 1 represent long hydrocarbon chain of the acid and alkoxide respectively, that isRCO 2 H and R(O - ) 3 )but since the alkoxide is stronger base than the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acid this enhance proton (H + ) transfercarboxylicacid to alkoxide. This results in formation glycerol (R 1 (OH) 3 )and carboxylate ion (RCO 2 - ) which then attacks cation (Na + or K + ) hence yielding soap. Glycerol is just an additive in soap if it isnot removed, but in commerci...

Ordinary people can do extra- ordinary things when the opportunities are granted to them. Motivates your world for you to grasp what is obscured to you. In life you don’t have to be great to do great things but if you are indomitable in achieving your goals and you are able to endure long process of learning you will achieve your dreams. Stay focused and press on, the doors of chances will be wide open to you. This video will inspire your life. 

Dramatically explained cori cycle Cori cycle is the metabolic process of converting lactate to glucose in the liver. This picture indicates how this take place. In rapid contraction of muscles produce lactate which then moves to the liver through blood stream. Converted glucose moves to the muscle via blood glucose. In the muscles glucose is converted to glycogen for storage, which is utilized when need be by rapid muscle contraction.   Glycogenolysis is the process of synthesis of glycogen. The process of glycogenolysis takes place as shown in this picture.   Importance of cori cycle are; (1) Prevent acidosis in muscles, (2) Produces ATP. The production of ATP in this is important since can be utilized in the glycolytic pathway hence increase additional step.