Chemistry Lab Report Summary
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| A chemistry tutor with students in the laboratory |
Use the following information to write six laboratory reports in one paper. In each
laboratory report, summarize your key findings.
Lab report 1: Anions, Cations, and Ionic Reactions
Lab report 2: Caloric Content of Food
Lab report 3: Laboratory Techniques and Measurements
Lab report 4: Titration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar
Lab report 5: Separation of a Mixture of Solids
Lab report 6: Observation of Chemical Changes
Follow this format to
write the paper:
Introduction:
In
introduction part briefly explain the purpose of the chemistry lab course. It
should be not more than two paragraphs.
Key
findings: For each lab, you should provide a table or a graph
with what you believe is the key results. Provide sub-heading for each
experiment. Include what you feel is important. Additionally, ensure all tables
and graphs are properly labeled and everything has to come from your lab. Each
lab should be about 300 words in length.
Conclusion:
On a page, explain what you have learned from the experiment.
NB:
Use APA Referencing Style and provide five sources.
Lab report 1: Anions,
Cations, and Ionic Reactions
Introduction
This experiment aims at identifying
anions and cations using flame tests and chemical displacement reactions. A
flame test is a technique employed in chemistry to identify the presence of a
particular element, especially metal ions (Gorke and Kazlauskas, 2010). Flame
test method depends on the distinctive emission spectrum of certain elements.
Further, the flame color depends on the temperature. The technique involves
introducing a given compound or element to a hot non-luminous flame and then
observing the produced flame color. The chemistry behind the flame test is that
atoms vaporize, but because they are not hot, the atoms produce spectra when
they are in flame.
A displacement reaction is a form of a
reaction in which the reactants replace one of their parts. The displacement
reaction also referred to as the metathesis reaction or the replacement
reaction. The displacement reaction is grouped into two: the single and double
displacement reactions. In a single displacement reaction, one of the reactants
replaces part of another reactant. In a double displacement reaction, both the
anions and cations exchange their parts to form products.
Lab report 2: Caloric
Content of Food
The purpose of this experiment was to
investigate the caloric content of various foods (nut type, marshmallow, and
other food). A calorie (kcal) is the measurement unit used in energy
measurement. A calorie is the quantity of energy required to increase the
temperature of one kilogram of water by 1
.
.
A calorimeter is an instrumented applied
in calorimetric purposes. There are several types of the calorimeter (Bleich et
al., 2012). A bomb calorimeter is a kind of constant-volume calorimeter which
is employed in measuring of combustion heat of certain reaction.
Lab report 3: Laboratory
Techniques and Measurements
Introduction
This experiment aims at familiarizes the
students with various fundamental laboratory techniques. Moreover, it equips
learners with the skills to handle some of the common instruments in a
chemistry laboratory. Measurements of lengths, temperature, volume, density,
and mass of objects were determined.
Density is the mass per unit volume (Ponomareva
and Shpakov, 2012). Volume is the amount of a three-dimensional space which
bounded by a closed surface. Volume is indirectly proportional to density. If a
material is fixed at a temperature, and when the temperature is increased, the
length, width, and height increase, because the substance expands. Though, its
mass remains constant, and also its density. The mass is a dimensionless
quantity that denotes the amount of matter in a given object or particular.
Length is any measure of a dimensioned distance (Ponomareva and Shpakov, 2012).
Lab report 4: Titration
of Acetic Acid in Vinegar
Introduction
A titration is an analytical technique
where a chemical reaction is carried out under controlled conditions. In a
titration, a titrant is reacted with the analyte. The analyte concentration is
obtained from the stoichiometry between the titrant and the analyte, and the
concentration and volume of the titrant (Konate et al., 2014). The titrant is
contained in a buret and the buret is calibrated in such a way that allows the
titrant volume to be determined with accuracy. The titrant is added to the
analyte in a conical flask until the color of the analyte changes, this point
is known as equivalence point.
The purpose of this experiment was to
determine the percent of acetic acid in vinegar. Usually, the titration of any
substance is done more than once and the average of the titrant volumes used is
applied to avoid human error.
Lab report 5: Separation
of a Mixture of Solids
Introduction
Mixtures are of different phases and
types. The kind of the separation technique used to separate mixtures depends
on the types of the mixtures. There are several methods for separation of
mixtures such as filtration, paper chromatography, fractional distillation,
simple distillation, evaporation magnetism, and separating funnel.
This experiment uses filtration
technique to separate solid mixtures. Filtration technique is commonly used to
separate insoluble substances in a liquid. The filtration method involves
placing a filter paper in a funnel (Feist, 2004). The funnel containing filter
paper is then put in a beaker, and water consisting of insoluble materials is
poured into that funnel. The liquid part of the mixture passes through the
filter while the insoluble particles remained on the filter paper. The liquid
part is referred to as the filtrate while the materials that remain on filter
paper are known as residue.
Lab report 6: Observations
of Chemical Changes
Introduction
Chemical changes consist of chemical
reaction and generation of new products. Normally, chemical reactions are
irreversible. When a chemical substance reacts with another to produce a new
substance, the process is known as chemical synthesis. On the other hand, when
a chemical substance interacts with the other chemical material and their
interactions lead to the formation of two or more different chemical
substances, the process is referred to as the chemical decomposition. Some
chemical reactions generate heat and are called exothermic reactions while
others absorb heat and are known as endothermic reactions. When chemical
reactions take place, atoms are regrouped and this always accompanied by a
change in energy as new products are formed.
Therefore, comprehending chemical
changes is a crucial part of chemistry. This experiment investigated various
chemical changes that occur when chemical substances interact.
References
Bleich, S. N., PhD., Herring, B. J., PhD,
Flagg, D. D., M.P.H., & Gary-Webb, T. (2012). Reduction in purchases of
sugar-sweetened beverages among low-income black adolescents after exposure to
caloric information. American Journal of Public Health, 102(2), 329-35.
Feist, P., L. (2004). The separation and
identification of two unknown solid organic compounds: an experiment sophomore
organic chemistry laboratory. J. Chem.
Edu., 81(1), 109.
Gorke, J., Srienc, F., & Kazlauskas,
R. (2010). Toward advanced ionic liquids. Polar, enzyme-friendly solvents for
biocatalysis. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering: BBE, 15(1),
40-53.
Konate, M., Akpa, E. E., Koffi, L. B.,
Kra, K. A. S., Megnanou, R., & Niamke, S. (2014). Isolation of
thermotolerant and high acetic acid-producing Acetobacter pasteurianus from
Ivorian palm wine. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 26(9),
773-785.
Ponomareva, O. B., & Shpakov, S. V.
(2012). Testing the proficiency of analytical laboratories by means of
inter-laboratory comparison tests - an important element in the assurance of
the uniformity of measurements. Measurement Techniques, 54(12),
1427-1432.
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