Crimes of the heart: a case study of cardiac anatomy


Heart anatomy overview
Heart anatomy is looked from the right side of the supine patient using a median sternotomy incision. The heart structures which are always seen at this viewpoint encompass the aorta, pulmonary artery, right atrium, right ventricle and superior vena cava. The medial movement of the heart on the right side shows the right pulmonary veins and right atrium. While medial movement on the left side of the heart reveals the left pulmonary veins, left ventricle apex and left atrium.



Posterior view 

Summary of a case Study
The case study is about Dr. Baker and Tiffany, a mother of a son(Caleb) who has cardiac problems. Caleb appeared to be breathing too hard and was unable to eat. Tiffany did not understand the condition of her son. She tried all methods which could assist her son. However, all were not successful. She became aware of Caleb’s condition when she brought him for his one-month check-up. Dr. Baker checked Caleb for a full day of medical tests. The check-up was followed by a thorough analysis of the information. From Baker's analysis of Caleb medical examinations, he discovered that Caleb possessed a hole in the heart muscle wall. This hole was between the left and right ventricles. Caleb's condition is known as ventricular septal defect. The condition could have contributed to difficulties Caleb experienced when he tried to eat. Dr. Baker concluded by asserting that the hole discovered was not big and it could be repaired through surgery.Finally, Tiffany was relieved. However, she was terrified when she heard the surgery was the only way to help her son condition.

Short answer  questions



This case study consists of eight questions, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7a, 7b and 8. These well-explained short answers are available in pdf and doc documents. Order your copy by sending an email to chemistrybiochemistryacademy@gmail.com. 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

How to write a Forensic Case Study: Murder of Junko Furuta

Image
Photo of Junko Furuta  For one to score high marks in a Forensic Case Study, one must  adhere to the following: Background of the case: This section contains details about the crime. It includes; the reasons for committing the offense, the conditions which the crime was committed, the circumstances of the crime scene and clear identification of the suspect(s) and the victim(s). One should ensure that the information in this part gives a precise idea of what the case is all about.   Pick and Write an article on Iwriter Website Evidence: This encompasses the piece of evidence found at the crime scene. The evidence should be described in details, that is, ways in which the evidence was collected, processed and preserved.   Forensic Tests: The tests should be two or more that were used to analyze the evidence. The science or theory of instrumentation used must be described fully.   Results: This consists of a detailed explanation of the forensic tests and the data inter
Read more

Roles of Sodium Carbonate when Extracting Caffeine from Tea Leaves

Image
A student failed to add sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) when extracting caffeine from tea leaves with hot water. Though, high yield of caffeine was produced. The crystals melted at temperatures between 202  and 214 degree  Celsius. Explain. This happened because sodium carbonate did not interfere with the caffeine content of the tea leaves. Sodium carbonate (which is a base) deprotonates the phenolic hydroxyl group (-OH) (acidic) of tannins rendering them anionic. Hence, making them highly soluble in water, but parsimoniously soluble in methylene chloride. So, if sodium carbonate is not added when extracting caffeine with hot water, the extracted caffeine would also contain tannins. Additionally, sodium carbonate is added during the extraction to keep caffeine (an alkaloid which is an organic base)  in a free base form. It prevents caffeine from reacting with available acid available, which may lead to the formation cation. It reacts with a phenolic hydroxyl group
Read more

What is Hartmann Dispersion Formula?

Image
  Hartmann dispersion formula is a semi-empirical formula. It is also referred to as Cornu Hartmann formula. It relates refractive index (n) with the wavelength (λ). It is given by:  n (λ)= X + Y/( λ-Z)............................................................Equation 1  X, Y, and Z are empirical constants while n (λ) is the refractive index of a material of light of wavelength λ. The constants derived as follows: Z= [(n 1 -n 2 )/ (n 2 -n 3 ) λ 1 (λ 2 - λ 3 ) - λ 3 - λ 3 (λ 1 - λ 2 )]/ [(n1-n2)/ (n2-n3) (λ2- λ 3 )-(λ1- λ 2 )]-....................................................................................Equation 2  Y= (n 1 -n 2 )/ [1/ (λ1-Z)-(1/ (λ2-Z)…………………………Equation 3  X=n 1 -B/ (λ1-Z)…………………………………………...Equation 4  Hartmann dispersion formula is applied in the measurements of spectra wavelengths taken on a prism instruments.  Constant Z is the spectrometer optical function. In the laboratory, it usually measured by lab technicians fo
Read more