Sugar canes preparation for sugar juice extraction



Preparation of sugar canes takes place in a Pre-mill section in sugar processing industries. Preparation involves; cutting sugar canes into small pieces by cutters and shredders. This prepares sugar canes for milling to ensure maximum extraction of juice from the canes. Reducing sugar canes into small pieces increases their surface area hence enables the mills to press them against each other to extract maximum sugar juice. In most sugar processing industries, there are two cutters or shredders (first and second). The first cutter deals with cutting sugar canes into small pieces. On the other hand, second cutter tenders or masks the sugar canes into sugar cane fibres. Main and Auxiliary Cane Carriers transport sugar canes from pre-mills to mills. Auxiliary Cane Carrier starts from the Cane Tables. The Main Cane Carrier commences from cutters (1 and 2). Along the Main Cane Carrier from cutter two, there is a presence of permanent magnet which traps any magnetic materials that may exist within the tendered sugar cane fibres (raw bagasse).
Auxiliary and Main Cane Carriers’ control
 Auxiliary and main cane carriers’ movement are controlled by Supervisory Controls and Data Acquisition (SCADA). SCADA system consists of electrodes which are connected to the mill one chute through copper wires. As the tendered sugar cane fibres (raw bagasse) move from the Main Cane Carrier to mill one chute, electrons are transmitted from the raw bagasse to PLC-programmable Logic Control Converter. PLC-programmable Logic Control Converter converts electrons which are at 0-60MA (electrons from tendered sugar cane fibres) to 4-20MA. The converted electrons (4-20MA) are then transmitted to Programmable Logic Control (PLC) box. PLC box is connected to cutters, Auxiliary Cane Carrier, and Main Cane Carrier motors. These motors are also connected to Personal Computer (PC) which is used to monitor all activities at pre-mills.
Raw bagasse is allowed to move through Main Cane carrier at a speed that enables maximum extraction of sugar juice. However, when there are more tendered sugar cane fibres at mill one chute, SCADA works accordingly on the cutters and Main Cane Carrier to reduce the speed of Auxiliary Cane Carrier to maintain the required speed. The diagram shows how this process takes place.


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