Glucogenic/glycogenic and Ketogenic Amino Acids
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The classification of amino acids depends on the seven intermediates produced during their catabolism or whether the amino acids are synthesized in the body or not. Therefore, amino acids can either be ketogenic or glucogenic/glycogenic or both ketogenic and glycogenic or nonessential or essential. Essential amino acids are amino acids that body cannot synthesize. Therefore, they are obtained from the diet. On the other hand, nonessential amino acids are amino acids that are synthesized in the body.
Glucogenic/glycogenic
amino acids
These are amino acids
whose catabolism produces pyruvate or any of the intermediate of the citric
acid cycle. Furthermore, glycogenic amino acids can either be essential or
nonessential amino acids.
Glycogenic
essential amino acid (s)
- Histidine
- Methionine
- Valine
- Threonine
Glycogenic
nonessential amino acid(s)
- Proline
- Serine
- Glycine
- Aspartate
- Asparagine
- Glutamine
- Glutamate
- Alanine
- Arginine
- Cysteine
Ketogenic
amino acid(s)
These are amino acids
whose catabolism results in acetoacetate or any precursor (acetoacetyl CoA or
acetyl CoA) of acetoacetate. They can be either essential or nonessential amino
acids.
Ketogenic
essential amino acids
Amino acids in this
category include:
- Leucine
- Lysine
Ketogenic
nonessential amino acid (s)
Among the first known
amino acids, there is no ketogenic amino acid.
Both
glycogenic and ketogenic amino acid (s)
This group contains
both essential and nonessential amino acid (s).
Essential
amino acids in this group are:
- Isoleucine
- Tryptophan
- Phenylalanine
Nonessential
amino acids in this category encompass:
- Tyrosine
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