Graph of Temperature Versus Equilibrium(Kq) for Ammonia Production


Ammonia is synthesized from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas in the Haber Process . The equation for its production is given by; 

The forward reaction is exothermic, so, according to the Le Chatelier's Principle  low temperature will favor forward reaction. But Lower temperatures decrease the reaction rates and for maximum yield of ammonia, temperatures between 380 and 450-degree centigrade are used.  

 Recommendation:  Writelearnearn

When you are provided with the following data and you are required to plot a graph of temperature versus equilibrium. Describe the shape of the graph for ammonia production.  What can you predict from the graph?


From the graph, as the temperature increases, the equilibrium drops abruptly according to the Van’t Hoff Equation. Van’t Hoff equation is an equation that shows the relationship among the temperature (T), equilibrium constant (Kq) changes and particular change in standard enthalpy.

The catalyst used in the production of ammonia gives maximum yield when the temperature (at least 400-degree centigrade) is applied. In the graph, equilibrium constant increases as the temperature decreases. To produce the maximum amount of ammonia other parameters (pressure and product removal) must be considered.  

Pressure                                                            
Increasing the amount of pressure favors the forward reaction. In the equation, 4 moles of reactants are consumed to yield two moles of products. Pressures between 200-250 atmospheres are usually applied for maximum production.  Even though, maintaining high pressure is expensive and dangerous, working at 200 atm ensure the process is safe and economical. The high amount of energy applied in running pumps and compressors make the process to produce 15% of ammonia in one pass. 

Recommendation:  Iwriter

Product removal
 Removing ammonia from the system increases its production. Ammonia is removed from the gaseous equilibrium mixture coming out from the reaction vessel. The hot gaseous mixture is cooled promptly to enable ammonia to condense and to be removed in liquid form. The unreacted gasses (nitrogen and hydrogen) are recycled in the process. 

Comments

  1. Malik Tariq9 December 2022 at 10:04

    Many thanks for sharing such incredible knowledge. It's really good for your Website.
    The info on your website inspires me greatly. This website I'm bookmarked this. Maintain it and thanks again.
    I'm really impressed with your writing skills, as smart as the structure of your we
    GraphPad Prism Crack

    ReplyDelete
  2. justmycrack19 February 2023 at 19:02

    I'm really impressed with your writing skills, as smart as the structure of your weblog. you may also check my website justmycrack.com.
    GraphPad Prism crack

    ReplyDelete
  3. ali shan4 March 2023 at 09:43

    Amazing blog! I like the way you explained such information about this post to us. And a blog beneficial for us this website:

    GraphPad Crystal Crack
    iSkysoft iTube Studio Crack
    Corel PaintShop Pro crack
    CrossOver Linux crack

    ReplyDelete
  4. softwarezpro29 March 2023 at 00:04

    Thank you for sharing this information..
    GraphPad Prism Crack

    ReplyDelete
  5. cracksilo22 May 2023 at 15:03

    Nice Post, Thanks for sharing. I have used GraphPad Prism Crack Version for a long time, it's amazing. You can also other software free download from cracksilo.org
    <a href="https://cracksilo.org/GraphPad Prism Crack Free Download>GraphPad Prism Crack</a>

    ReplyDelete
  6. Kiran khan23 May 2023 at 10:15

    Wow, amazing block structure! How long
    Have you written a blog before? Working on a blog seems easy.
    The overview of your website is pretty good, not to mention what it does.
    In the content!
    crackpedia.net
    GraphPad Prism crack

    ReplyDelete
  7. softwarezpro3 November 2023 at 03:54

    I am very impressed with your post because this post is very beneficial for me and provide a new knowledge.

    Sandboxie Crack

    Vmware Workstation Pro Crack

    GraphPad Prism Crack

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

How to write a Forensic Case Study: Murder of Junko Furuta

Image
Photo of Junko Furuta  For one to score high marks in a Forensic Case Study, one must  adhere to the following: Background of the case: This section contains details about the crime. It includes; the reasons for committing the offense, the conditions which the crime was committed, the circumstances of the crime scene and clear identification of the suspect(s) and the victim(s). One should ensure that the information in this part gives a precise idea of what the case is all about.   Pick and Write an article on Iwriter Website Evidence: This encompasses the piece of evidence found at the crime scene. The evidence should be described in details, that is, ways in which the evidence was collected, processed and preserved.   Forensic Tests: The tests should be two or more that were used to analyze the evidence. The science or theory of instrumentation used must be described fully.   Results: This consists of a detailed explanation of the forensic ...
Read more

Roles of Sodium Carbonate when Extracting Caffeine from Tea Leaves

Image
A student failed to add sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) when extracting caffeine from tea leaves with hot water. Though, high yield of caffeine was produced. The crystals melted at temperatures between 202  and 214 degree  Celsius. Explain. This happened because sodium carbonate did not interfere with the caffeine content of the tea leaves. Sodium carbonate (which is a base) deprotonates the phenolic hydroxyl group (-OH) (acidic) of tannins rendering them anionic. Hence, making them highly soluble in water, but parsimoniously soluble in methylene chloride. So, if sodium carbonate is not added when extracting caffeine with hot water, the extracted caffeine would also contain tannins. Additionally, sodium carbonate is added during the extraction to keep caffeine (an alkaloid which is an organic base)  in a free base form. It prevents caffeine from reacting with available acid available, which may lead to the formation cation. It reacts with a phenolic h...
Read more

Arrhenius equation: Increasing temperature increases the rate reaction

Image
The rate of reaction of a particular reaction often increases as one increase the temperature. However, how can this belief be proved using Arrhenius equation? According to the Arrhenius equation, the rate constant (k) is obtained by the ratio of Ea to RT, in which Ea denotes required energy while RT is the available thermal energy. The Arrhenius Equation is given by: k=Ae - (Ea/RT) When Ea is larger, it results in slower reactions. On the other hand, when RT is large, it leads to faster rate of reaction. Larger Ea gives smaller rate constant k, but larger RT produces larger rate constant (k). Larger rate constant increases the rate of reactions.  By using Arrhenius equation, one can easily see that when the temperature is increased, the rate constant will also increase. Let us consider these two scenarios. In the first scenario, Ea=120,000 Joules/mole, R=8.31 mol -1 K -1 , and K=373K.In the second scenario, Ea=120,000Joules/mole, R=8.31 mol -1 K -1 , and K...
Read more