shampoo

Shampoos                              

The term “shampoo” has it origin from Hindustani language (‘Hindustani people’ or ‘people of Hindusta’n also known as ‘Hindi people’ or ‘Hindavi’ are panethnicity primarily living in the Hindi belt region of India, which is located in the Gangetic plain of India between the Himalayas and Vindhyas)  meaning to ‘squeeze’. Originally shampoos were of soaps or a mixture of soaps, while synthetic detergents were used majorly in commercial shampoos.

Shampoo is a preparation of surfactant(surface active material) in a suitable forth either in liquid, or powder when applied as specified conditions is capable of removing surface grease, dirt and skin debris from the hair, shaft and scalp without affecting hair, scalp or the health of the user.

Shampoo types and forms

Shampoos are classified according to their physical appearance, their special ingredients or properties. These forms include: liquid clear shampoo, liquid creams/cream lotion shampoo, cream paste shampoos, egg shampoos, herbal shampoos, dry shampoos, liquid dry shampoos, color shampoos and aerosol shampoos and others. Formulations below are the examples of two forms of shampoo liquid shampoo and liquid cream/cream lotion shampoo. 

Liquid shampoo

This form of shampoo composed of potassium salt, but when it is based on synthetic it is a triethanolamine salt. They are also made from sulfonated oil and oftenly promoted as oil shampoo or hot shampoos. The formulation of this form may contain mineral oil which does not rinse out easily and thereby remains as a dressing on the hair.

Formulation of liquid shampoo

Ingredients                                                                              amount in percentage (%)

Coconut oil                                                                                         14%

Olive oil                                                                                              3%

Castor oil                                                                                             3%

Potassium hydroxide 85%                                                                  5%

Glycerol                                                                                              2%

Ethyl alcohol                                                                                       4 %

Sodium hexametaphosphate                                                               1 %

Perfume                                                                                               0.3%

Water                                                                                                  68%

Liquid cream/cream lotion shampoo

This form specializes on conditioning action whereby the hair is more lustrous, softer and easier to manage. Some of them contain lanolin, others dispersed egg powder and greater percentages contain ethanolamines of higher fatty acids which are best in their conditioning action. The formulation is as follows:

Ingredients                                                                                          amount in percentage (%)

Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate (C₁₀ to C₁₈)                                                     35%

Sodium alginate                                                                                             2.5%

Water                                                                                                            62.5%